Woven wick



Apil1 4,'1942. JG, wALTERg 2,279,354

vwov'rm wrox j7- .7 med Aug. s, 1940 f 2 sheets-she@ 1 I ,7J y y A Y zo I, Il 1| April 14, 1942.

s. wALJERs 2,279,354 WOVEN wrox` Filed Aug, 3, 1940 .2 Sheets-Sheet 2 5152 5.2 53, 65 4in/mw Patented Apr. 14, 1942 Gustav'Walters, Middletown, Conn., assignor to The Russell Manufacturing Company, Middletown, Conn., a corporation of Connecticut Application August 3, 1940, Serial No. '350,583

13 Claims.

woven Wicks, and more particularly to Woven wicks for use in oil-stoves and the like.

This application is a continuation-in-part of my application Ser. No. 227,705 led August 31,7

I This invention relates to improvements 1nxA Other objects of this invention will appear from the present disclosure.

In the accompanying drawings, in which certain ways of carrying out the invention are shown for illustrative purposes:

Fig. 1 is a front elevation illustrating one ernbodiment of the invention inthe form of a tubuform;

Fig. 2 is a top plan view on a reduced scale, of the Wick shown in Fig. 1, the carrier being omitted;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged vertical diagrammatic fragmental section on line 3-3 of Fig. l, showing one form of Weave-construction;I

Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 3 but with the top portion ofthe Wick after having been burned;

Fig. 5 is areduced scale left-side elevation of the upper portion of Fig. 3

Fig. 6 is a View similar to Fig. 3 of a modified form of Weave-construction;

Fig. 7 is a View similar to Fig. 6 vof another modified form of Weave-construction; i

Fig. 8 is a View similar to Fig. 6 of still another modied form of Weave-construction;

Fig. 9 is a reduced scale left-side elevation of Fig. 8;

Fig. 10- is a top plan view of Fig. 3 in a rightangle-rotated position with certain of the .Warp-v strands shown as flame-destroyable;

Fig. 11 is a side elevation of a modified form of warp strand;

Fig. 12 is a sectional View on line I2-l2 'of Fig. 11;

Fig. 13 is a side elevation of another 4modified form of Warp strand;

Fig. 14 is a sectional view on line l4|4 of Fig. 13;

lar Wick mounted in a vtubular carrier of usual 25j Fig. 15 is a side elevation of another modified form of Warp strand;

Fig. 16 is a sectional view on line l6-I6 of Fig. 15;

Fig. 17 is a side elevation of still another modified form 0f warp strand;

Fig. 18 is a sectional view on line I8-I8 of Fig. 17; and

Fig. 19 is a View similar to Fig. 9 of a fragmental portion of a Wick employing the form of Warp strand illustrated in Figs. 13 and 14.

In the description and claims, the various parts are identified by specic names for convenience, but they are intended to be as generic in their application as the prior art will permit.

The particular form of the invention chosen for illustration is a tubular wick 20 preferably, though not necessarily, Woven in seamless form. In the form of Weave illustrated in Figs. 3, 4 and l5the Wick is of two-ply construction, including llongitudinal or Warp strands 2|, transverse or weftor filler-strands or picks 22, and binder strands 23.` The Warp strands are each made of flame-destroyable fibres of superior oil-feeding capacity, and flame-resistant fibres intermingled in suitable proportions to produce a flame-resistant strand, that is, a strand which when subjected to a ame will not promptly burn up or disintegrate so as to lose its strand form, but will retain its strand form and functioning as part of the upper surface of a wick. The weft strands 22 and binder strands 23 are preferably made of flame-destroyable fibres, so as to produce a amedestroyable strand, that is, a strand Which is either completely consumed by flame or vwhich is so substantially completely destroyed by flame as to result in the ready disintegration or falling apart of the portion of such a strand which has been subjected to flame. Therefore, Whenthe' top or flame edge 24 of the Wick is burned for some time, and particularly when the oil Vof the stove has been permitted to burn dry, the top ends of the binder strands 23 and such of the' weft strands 22 as are located adjacent the top of the wick will be burned away or so thoroughly disintegrated as to no longer form part of the upper end of the Wick, and the upper ends of the warp strands 2l will have their flame-destroyable fibres burned out or disintegrated so as to leave only the flame-resistant fibres remaining at their upper or flame ends as indicated at the upper end of Fig. 4. When in use in oil stoves and the like, Vrepeated burning dry of Wicks made in accordance With the present invention actually cleanV and improve the llame-edge of the wick,

and does not harm the wick at all. vBy having the weft-strands 22 and the portions of the binder-strands 23 which are adjacent the upper edge of the wick burned out, or disintegrated, risk is avoided of having portions of such warp or binder-strands stick up and cause uneven-burning places in the wick.

The flame-destroyable fibres of superior oil capillarity or oil-feeding capacity are preferably vegetable fibres of cotton or sulphite pulp or the` like, or mixtures thereof, and the flame-resistant fibres are of asbestos, glass, rock wool or the y like, or mixtures thereof. Where the ame-'destroyable and flame-resistant fibres are intermingled in a given warp-strand to make it flameresistant, they areeintermingled `to produce a substantially uniform distribution of the two.-

ric and alternately pass over or around weft-v strands or picks 3| in one face of thefabric and over or around weft-strands or picks 32 in the opposite face of the fabric.

By way of example, the Warpestrands 25, 4,after passing over and around the first weftpk .3|a,

extends diagonally and misses engagement with several weft-picks 3| and 32 before appearing on the opposite face of the fabric for extension around the weft-pick 32a. The warp-strand 25 then extends diagonally to the opposite face of the fabric and again misses several weftepicks before looping over or around the weft-pick 3|b. The remaining warp-strands 26, 21, 28, 29 and 30 are all staggered with respect to the warpstrand 25 and each other in the order named and each thereof similarly misses several picks site faces of the fabric, as clearly .shown in Fig. 6. l i

It will be understood, of course, that other sets of warp-strands corresponding to the warpstrands 25 to 30 inclusive exist -in the fabric in4 the background of the strands shown in Fig. 6. By*v way of example, the next warp-strand back of the warp-strand 30 would be a warp-strand corresponding in position and inclination to the warp-strand 25.

The particular form of weave illustrated in Fig.v 7 is of two-ply construction and includes a plurality of sets or groups of warp-strands which comprise six strands each respectively desbetween its appearance on the respective oppov z ignated 33, 34, 35,36, 31 and 38 arranged from;

the foreground Vto the background in the order named. In one face -of the fabric is a series of weft-strands or picks 39 and Yin the opposite face is acorresponding series of weft-strands or picks 4B. The said weft-strands or picks 39 in one face are tied to Vthe weft-strands or.picks 40 .in the other -face solely by the warp-strands 3.3 to 38 inclusive before referred to. 'Ihe ,said warp-,strands all extend diagonally back vand forth through the fabric similarly tothe weave shown in Fig. 6, each of the said warp-strands missing several weft-picks between its appearance on the respective opposite faces of the fabric. It may be explained in this connection that in the weave of Fig. 7, the next warp-strand in the background beyond the warp-strand 38 would be another warp-strand corresponding in position to the position of the warp-strand 33 and constituting the rst strand of another group of similar warp-strands.

The particular form of weave illustrated in Fig. 8 is of two-ply construction similar to the construction illustrated in Fig-6, and includes a plurality of sets or groups of Warp-strands which comprise six strands each respectively designated 4|, 42, 43, 44, 45 and 46 arranged from the foreground to the background in the order named. In one face of the fabric is a series of weft-strands or picks 41 and in the opposite vface is a corresponding series of lweft-strands or picks 48. The said weft-strands or `picks 41 in one face' are tied to the weft-strands or picks 48 in the other face solely by the warp-strands 4| to 46 inclusive before referred to. The said warp-strands all extend diagonally back and forth from one face of the fabric to the other. and, like the weaves shown in Figs. 6 and 7, each of the said warp-strands 4| to 46 inclusive misses a number of weft-picks between itsappearance upon the respective opposite faces of the fabric. The form of weave of Fig. 8 differs primarily from the formv of weave of Fig. 6 by the fact that each warp-strand engages over or loops around two successively-arranged weftpicks, instead of around one as in Fig. 6. yIl; will be evident that instead of having each warpstrand loop around one or around two weftpicks, the form of Weave could be such that each warp-strand is looped over more than two weft-picks at a time.

It will be noted 'that the forms of weaves shown in Figs. 6, '1, 8 and r9 contain no binderstrands, but only warp-strands and weft-strands. A .ll the warp-strands in Figs. 6 and '1 are each made of Yilame-destroyalrile fibers and fiame-'resistant fibers intermingled to produce flame-resistant warp-strands. I n the construction. of Figs. 8 and 9, each warp-strand 4|' is .flamedestroyable and of superior oil-feeding capacity, while each of the fivewarp-strands 42, 43, 44, 45 and 4|;v is a flame-resistant warp-strand. It will be seen that by rhaving the ameedestroyable Warp-strands less in number than the llameresistant warp-strands and well distributed or scattered among them, that an objectionable uneven flame-edge of the wick is avoided. Instead of having one in six of each groupof warpstrands name-destroyable, a lesser or greater proportion of ame-destroyable warp-strands could be employed. The filler or weft-strands of the constructions of Figs. 6, '7, 8 and 9, .are preferably made of all flame-destroyable` fibers so as to produce flame-destroyable weftes'trands.

In the form of the invention shown in Fi g .`10, which illustrates a top plan view of the edge of the wick shown in Fig. 3 modified to the extent that a certain minor number of the warp-strands are flame-destroyable and of'superior oil-feeding capacity in order to feed a larger amount of oil to the flame-edge of the wick than would be fed `by a wick of this type in which all of the warpstrands were made of intermingled name-resistant and ame-destroyable fibers. Thus,refer ring toY Fig. V10, .the warpestrands 2|a are flameresistant warp-strands, and the warpstr`ands2|b are flame-destroyable warp-strands to thusgive greater cil-feeding capacityl to the wick. vThe binder-'strands 23d are ilame-destroyableand of superior oil-feeding capacity and' therefore aid in supplying an adequate amount of oil to the ameedge'of the wick. The weft-strands 22a are also flame-destroyable. Y

Instead of having a warp-strand either all name-resistant or all ilarne-destroyable, it can have a longitudinally-continuous flame-resistant portion and a longitudinally-continuous iiamedestroyable portion which isV superior'in oillfeeding capacity to the flame-resistantV portion.

Thus the Warp-strand 49 shown in Figs. 11 and 12, hasv a flame-destroyable center-thread or strand-portion 50 of superior oil-feeding capacity and surrounded by a llame-resistant portion I. rThe warp-strand 52 illustrated in Figs. -13 and 14, has a flame-destroyable thread 53 twisted with the flame-resistant thread 54 to form the warp-strand.

The Warp-strand 55 shown Vin Figs. 15 and 16, is formed by the flame-destroyable vthread 56 twisted with two name-'resistant threads 51. And the warp-strand 58 illustrated in Figs. 17 and 18 has a central flame-destroyable thread 59 twisted together with ve flame-resistant threads B0. Similarly, it will be evident that any other desired combination of flame-destroyable and name-resistant threads may be used, twisted t0- gether or untwisted or lying side by side. to form a warp-strand. Y

rAny of the name-resistant Warp-strands 49, 52, 55 or 58 or any combinations thereof with or without vame-destroyable warp-strands and/or other forms of flame-resistant warp-strands can be used to make any wicks in accordance with this invention. Thus, for example, in making a wick having a weave-construction as shown in Figs. 8 and 9 and employing the type of Warpstrand 52 having a flame-destroyable portion 53 and a flame-resistant portion 54', all of the warpistrands can be made of such warp-strands 52, as illustrated in Fig. 19, and with the weft-strands 41a and 48a flame-destroyable. By suitably proportioning the diameters of the flame-destroyable portion 53 and the llame-resistant portion 54, any desired oil-feeding characteristics can be given to the Wick.

Where a wick is woven in seamless form, the longitudinal strands whose ends form the flameedge of the wick, are the warp-strands, and the transverse strands are the weft or filler strands or picks. But where a wick is woven as a strip to be formed up in tubular shape to provide a seamed tubular wick, the longitudinal strands whose ends form the flame-edge of the wick, may either be the warp or weft strands, depending on how the wick-forming strip is cut from the woven fabric.

I have found it to be important that the warp or longitudinal strands of the wick lbe composed of between 30% and 70% flame-resistant fibres, and the remainder of flame-destroyable fibres superior in Voil-feeding capacity to the flameresistant bres. It will be evident from the variety of forms of the invention herein set forth, that this does not mean that each Warp-strand has to be composed of between 30% and 70% by weight of flame-resistant libres, but that all the longitudinal or warp-strands, considered as a group, Whether some be of all ilame-destroyable libres or all llame-resistant fibres or partly of fiame-destroyable libres and partly of flameresistant fibres, that the total average composi- 'tion' of yall2 the longitudinal strands should range 'between 30% -and.'7.0%".of flame-resistant'iibres with `the 5 balance of flame-destroyable fibres which are superior inoil-feeding capacity to the flame-resistant fbres. kThemost effective' percentage of composition will vary depending upon the form of Weave and the form of warp-strands or combinations of' Warp-strandswhich are used in a given wick.

Where a longitudinal or warp-strand is to be formed of ame-resistant fibres intermingled with flame-destroyable libres of superioroil-feeding capacity, it is more preferable to have from 40% to 60% of name-resistant fibres with the balance of fiame-destroyable libres in orderto produce a strand which will have good flameresistance and lasting quality in service, and which will also have good oil-feeding capacity.

Wicks made in accordance with the present invention may be used in various oil-stoves or the like which employ wicks. Thus, for example, a tubular form of wick may be mounted in a usual form of carrieras shown in Fig. 1, or a tubular wick of sho'rt height may be used as a top or attachment-wick.

The invention may be carried out in other specific Ways than those herein set forthYA Without departing from the spirit and essential characteristics of the invention, and the present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all yrespects as illustrative and notA restrictive, and

all changes coming ywithin the ymeaning and equivalency range of the appended claims are intended to be embraced therein.

I claim: Y i

1. A woven Wick having longitudinal strand and transverse strands woven together; at least a majority of the longitudinal strands being flame-resistant; and substantially all the l'transverse strands being flame-destroyable.

2. A woven wick having longitudinal strands and transverse strands woven together; at least a majority of the longitudinal strands being flame-resistant; and at least some of said longitudinal name-resistant strands each having a longitudinally-continuous flame-resistant portion, and a longitudinally-continuous llame-destroyable portion superior in oil-feeding capacity to said flame-resistant portion.

3. A Woven wick having longitudinal strands and transverse strands woven together; at least a majority of the longitudinal strands being flame-resistant; at least some of said longitudinal llame-resistant strands each having a longitudinally-continuous flame-resistant portion, and a longitudinally-continuous llame-destroyable portion superior in oil-feeding capacity to y said flame-resistant portion; and substantially ail1 the transverse strands being flame-destroya e.

4. A Woven wick having longitudinal strands and transverse strands woven together; a majority of the longitudinal strands being flameresistant; and a minority of the longitudinal strands beingame-destroyable and superior in oil-feeding capacity to said flame-resistant strands.

5. A woven wick having longitudinal strands and transverse strands woven together; a majority of the longitudinal strands being flameresistant; a minority of the longitudinal strands being flame-destroyable and superior in oilfeeding capacity to said flame-resistant strands; and substantially all the transverse strands being ilame-destroyable.

verse strands'woventogether;.afnlajority4 of the minority of thellongitudinal strands being ametlestro'yable` and "superior in .oil-feeding capacity to Y said ameresistant strands and substantially 'all 1vthe Ytransverse able... v Y. p Y

8. A woven Wick havinga plurality of plies each formed by longitudinal ystrands and trans- -verse strands Awoven together; a majority o`f the longitudinal strands being name-resistant;` a minority of the longitudinal strands -beingjame'r ldestroyable and superior in oil-feeding capacity `to said :flame-resistant'strands; binder-*strands iconnecting the plies together; and substantially all of the transverse strands and binder-strands being flame-destroyable. g i

f9. A woven Wickfhaving longitudinal strands and ytransverse strands; woven together; the longitudinal strands being composed of between thirtyV per cent and seventy per cent flame-resistant bres and the remainderyof flame-delstroyable bres superior :inzaoil-feeding capacity to said llame-resistant fibres; and substantially all the transverse strands being ilamefdestroy'- able. f t

-.10. iA woven 'wick having'a plurality-of plies strands beingname-destroyresistant fibres.,

leach formed-.by longitudinal strandsjand, rtransverse strands (woven l together; the l longitudinal (strands -being composed of` between thirtylper 4cent and seventyper. -cent name-resistant bres and the-remainder of ame-destroyable 4fibres superior in oil-feeding capacityy toA4 saidame- 11.2A woven Wick havinga plurality `of rplies each' formed by llongitudinal :strands yand trans-'- `verse strands Woventogether; the :longitudinal .strands -being vcomposed-of between thirty per centA and seventy per cent` name-resistant bres and the remainder fof fiiamefdestroyabley libres superior-in oil-feeding; capacity tor said flameresistant libres;V and substantially DallM-theltrans.- vverse strands being .iarne-destroyable.` -y

12. A; Woven wick having a `plurality ,of plies each formed by longitudinal, strands and ,transverse strands xwoven'togetherv; the longitudinal strands being composed of between ythirty `per cent and Y seventy Apercent; name-resistant bres jand ,-theremainder `of `ame-destroyable bres superior Y in .oil-feeding; capacity to saidzV name,-

resistant fibres;binder-strands4 connecting the plies together; and substantially allof Vthe transverse strands-and binderfstrandsbeing flamedestroyable. 'f l f v 1 3.;Av woven Wick having longitudinal V, strands vand transverse strands woven together; the longitudinal strands being composed-sof between thirty per cent and seventyper cent Liarne-resistant libres andfthe` remainder of name-de- Astroyable libres superior inloil-feeding capacity `to `said name-resistantbres.

GUsTAvf 'ALTERS- 

